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Lakshita Bhati
Dr. Atul Nishant Chandu
Al Arsh Raza
Dr. Subhranshu Panda
Keywords:
Bacterial meningitis, Nasal drug delivery, Nose-to-brain delivery, Blood-brain barrier, Nanoparticles, Intranasal antibiotics
Abstract:
Bacterial meningitis is a severe infection of the meninges associated with high mortality and neurological complications. Conventional therapy relies mainly on systemic administration of antibiotics, but effective treatment is often limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), poor drug penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid, systemic toxicity, and antimicrobial resistance. Nasal drug delivery has emerged as a promising non-invasive approach for direct nose-to-brain transport, bypassing the BBB and enhancing drug delivery to the central nervous system. The olfactory and trigeminal neural pathways provide rapid access to the brain, improving therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic exposure. Recent advances in nanotechnology-based carriers such as nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, and in situ gels have further improved nasal residence time, mucoadhesion, drug stability, and brain targeting. This review summarizes the pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis, limitations of conventional therapy, anatomy and physiology of the nasal cavity, mechanisms of nose-to-brain transport, nanocarrier systems, recent research developments and future prospects of intranasal therapy for bacterial meningitis.
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International Journal of Recent Research and Review
ISSN: 2277-8322
Vol. XIX, Issue 2
June 2026
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PUBLISHED
June 2026
ISSUE
Vol. XIX, Issue 2
SECTION
Articles
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