|
Manish Yadav
Mr. Ravi Kumar Bairwa
Keywords:
Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC); Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR); adaptive clipping; Whale Optimization Algorithm; Salp Swarm Algorithm; DFT-spreading; nonlinear power amplifier; 5G waveform design.
Abstract:
High Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) remains a central obstacle to energy-efficient Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) transmission for 5G and beyond. Where distortion less techniques such as Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) trade a modest reduction for zero signal-quality penalty, this paper instead investigates a more aggressive route: a hybrid Whale Optimization Algorithm-Salp Swarm Algorithm (WOA-SSA) jointly tunes an adaptive amplitude-clipping threshold and PTS phase factors on a DFT-spread FBMC/OQAM-equivalent baseband model, seeking the deepest achievable PAPR reduction rather than a distortion-free one. A full baseband simulation (256 subcarriers, 16-QAM, PHYDYAS prototype filter, 8 PTS sub-blocks) shows the proposed scheme lowers the mean PAPR from 8.40 dB (conventional FBMC) to 2.87 dB - a 5.53 dB reduction, substantially larger than distortionless PTS-only schemes. However, end-to-end simulation through a Rapp solid-state power-amplifier model at fixed input back-off shows this aggressive PAPR reduction comes with a measurable bit-error-rate (BER) error floor at high SNR, caused by the irreducible clipping distortion itself rather than by the optimizer. The paper reports both effects transparently and discusses the resulting PAPR-versus-BER trade-off, positioning adaptive-clipping-based aggressive reduction as complementary to - rather than a strict replacement for - distortion less PTS/SLM-based schemes such as the hybrid GWO-CSA approach examined in a companion study.
|
|
International Journal of Recent Research and Review
ISSN: 2277-8322
Vol. XIX, Issue 3
August 2026
|
PDF View
PUBLISHED
August 2026
ISSUE
Vol. XIX, Issue 3
SECTION
Articles
|
