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Dr. Nisha Pawaria
Keywords:
Generation Z; talent management; employee retention; TCCM framework; systematic literature review; future research agenda; psychological contract; hybrid work.
Abstract:
This paper reviews the talent management literature on Generation Z retention. It uses the TCCM framework to organize the evidence. The framework covers theory, context, characteristics, and methodology. The review follows PRISMA guidelines. We searched PsycINFO, ProQuest, and EBSCOHost for studies published between 2018 and 2024. Two-stage screening kept only empirical, peer-reviewed papers. Thematic analysis was used to sort the findings into core themes. Six theories dominate the field: social exchange theory, self-determination theory, Kahn's engagement theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory, expectancy theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Context matters. Hybrid work, gig work, and post-pandemic conditions shape what young employees expect. Industry patterns differ. Tech firms keep talent with autonomy, service firms with personalization, and regulated sectors with mentorship. Methodologically, most studies are cross-sectional, rely on self-reports, and use narrow samples. No standard scale exists yet to measure expectation gaps. The literature points to four approaches: career development, flexible work, performance recognition, and inclusive culture. Gen Z wants fast, personal growth; flexible, trust-based work; and value-aligned, purpose-driven organizations. Five research questions emerge from the gaps. Future work needs longitudinal and mixed-methods designs, intervention studies, cross-industry comparisons, and ethnographic research. Firms need inclusive and just talent management. They must keep the psychological contract, practice ethical leadership, and embed sustainability in daily work. Retention works when employee well-being and organizational health support each other.
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International Journal of Recent Research and Review
ISSN: 2277-8322
Vol. XIX, Issue 3
September 2026
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PUBLISHED
September 2026
ISSUE
Vol. XIX, Issue 3
SECTION
Articles
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